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Vol.63, No.6, 462 ~ 474, 2025
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| Title |
| An Overview of Laser Wire Directed Energy Deposition (LW-DED) Additive Manufacturing Process Using a Coaxial Laser Heat Source |
| 김욱주 Ukju Gim , 김세훈 Sehun Kim , 강태후 Taehoo Kang , 이종익 Jongik Lee , 정상희 Sanghee Jung , 한지민 Jimin Han , 이협 Hyub Lee , 이빈 Bin Lee |
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| Abstract |
| Metal additive manufacturing (AM), often referred to as metal 3D printing, is a promising and widely adopted approach for fabricating intricate components without conventional molds or casting processes. Although powder-based metal AM processes have gained significant recognition for their ability to realize complex shapes, their cost remains a major barrier to broader commercialization. To address these cost-related challenges, the use of wire-feed directed energy deposition (DED) has emerged as a potential alternative. In particular, laser-based wire directed energy deposition (LW-DED) offers an effective balance between resolution, build rate, and materials flexibility. This review first outlines the limitations of powder-based metal AM processes, highlighting issues such as low powder yield and material cost. Subsequently, it explores the fundamental operating principles of LW-DED, including laser-beam types, deposition head configurations, and their impact on process efficiency. In particular, the review highlights coaxial LW-DED, which enables more uniform material deposition and improved precision. Additionally, it examines the advantages of LW-DED (e.g., reduced material loss, lower raw-material costs, and multi-material flexibility) as well as its shortcomings (including lower resolution and potential need for post-processing). Finally, recent research trends of coaxial LW-DED systems and ongoing advancements in process monitoring, microstructure control, and machine learning-driven optimization are presented to illustrate the potential of LW-DED as a rapidly evolving, commercially viable AM technology.
(Received 4 April, 2025; Accepted 1 May, 2025) |
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| Key Words |
| LW-DED, Laser Wire Directed Energy Deposition, Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing |
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